In order to gain a competitive edge in world markets and domestics markets as well as to achieve continued growth, developed countries need investment in new technologies and expansion or organization and personnel.

As predicted by some social scientist, unless priorities are fixed and strategies for achieving goals are established, crises are likely to follow one after the other, partial solutions will prove ineffective, and the erosion of the urban environment might continue.

This approach sees the community as a network if an interaction among individuals, groups, and institution. The community provides a context within which its member can pursue many, if not most, of the activities that occupy them in their daily lives.

Competition is a form of opposition or struggle for securing a reward or goal like a prize, a material object, a position, leadership, prestige, or power. Two experts define it as “ a less violent form of opposition in which two or more persons or groups struggle form of opposition in which two or more persons or group struggle for some end or goal but in the course if which attention if focused chiefly on the reward rather than on the competitor.

Contravention takes many forms and is expressed in delaying tactics, in denouncing, thwarting, frustrating others, and in spreading rumors and “smears” and conducting whispering campaigns. The use of the stereotype, especially one that emphasizes the negative qualities of a person or category, is a most common instrument of contravention.

Contravention is not sociologically significant if it is restricted merely to a person-to-person basis. When two neighbors spread idle gossip about one another, it may not be sociologically serious. However, contravention is often carried on in an organized manner between larger categories of population, between different religious group, social classes, races, and between organized management and organized labor.

“Accommodation” may be defined as that form of social process in which two or more person or group interact in order to prevent, reduce, or eliminate conflict. Accommodation is also the necessary process that occurs after a conflict is over, in that the survivors learn to adjust to each other. The objective f accommodation is a means of living peacefully, coexisting with one another, which may eventually lead to positive cooperation. It is essentially a two-sided relationship, in which both party, whether individuals or groups or whole societies, are participants in interaction. It is characterized “give-and-take” in the sense that each side makes an alteration in it behavior patterns in order to accommodate the other.